The average cost of flood insurance in 2018 was $699 per year, or $58 a month, through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Home insurance policies do not cover floods, which means you'll need a separate flood policy to be fully protected. Costs vary by state, and can be as cheap as $550 a year. We'll show you what costs to expect in your state, and how to understand and estimate your rates.
- Average cost of flood insurance
- Flood insurance cost by V and AE Zones
- What is flood insurance
- Other options: private flood insurance
Flood insurance costs by state
Florida enjoys the cheapest flood insurance rates of $550 a year, while Connecticut has the most expensive average rates at $1,395 a year. The figures below are for flood insurance policies through the NFIP, which, according to a study by the University of Pennsylvania, accounts for between 96% and 97% of all residential flood insurance policies.
| State | Average yearly cost | Average monthly cost | % Households with flood insurance | Cost rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $687 | $57 | 2.4% | 11 |
| Alaska | $902 | $75 | 0.8% | 30 |
| Arizona | $666 | $55 | 1.0% | 6 |
| Arkansas | $847 | $71 | 1.1% | 21 |
| California | $806 | $67 | 1.6% | 18 |
| Colorado | $856 | $71 | 0.9% | 22 |
| Connecticut | $1,395 | $116 | 2.5% | 50 |
| Delaware | $724 | $60 | 6.1% | 15 |
| District of Columbia | $724 | $60 | 0.6% | — |
| Florida | $550 | $46 | 18.5% | 1 |
| Georgia | $684 | $57 | 2.0% | 10 |
| Hawaii | $673 | $56 | 11.1% | 8 |
| Idaho | $746 | $62 | 0.8% | 17 |
| Illinois | $1,045 | $87 | 0.7% | 39 |
| Indiana | $999 | $83 | 0.8% | 36 |
| Iowa | $1,045 | $87 | 0.9% | 38 |
| Kansas | $882 | $73 | 0.7% | 25 |
| Kentucky | $971 | $81 | 1.0% | 33 |
| Louisiana | $664 | $55 | 24.1% | 5 |
| Maine | $1,065 | $89 | 1.1% | 42 |
| Maryland | $573 | $48 | 2.7% | 2 |
| Massachusetts | $1,251 | $104 | 2.1% | 47 |
| Michigan | $1,008 | $84 | 0.4% | 37 |
| Minnesota | $900 | $75 | 0.4% | 28 |
| Mississippi | $695 | $58 | 4.7% | 12 |
| Missouri | $1,071 | $89 | 0.7% | 43 |
| Montana | $704 | $59 | 1.0% | 13 |
| Nebraska | $998 | $83 | 1.0% | 35 |
| Nevada | $721 | $60 | 0.9% | 14 |
| New Hampshire | $1,060 | $88 | 1.3% | 41 |
| New Jersey | $961 | $80 | 6.2% | 32 |
| New Mexico | $843 | $70 | 1.3% | 20 |
| New York | $1,155 | $96 | 2.1% | 45 |
| North Carolina | $814 | $68 | 2.9% | 19 |
| North Dakota | $677 | $56 | 2.5% | 9 |
| Ohio | $1,047 | $87 | 0.6% | 40 |
| Oklahoma | $856 | $71 | 0.7% | 23 |
| Oregon | $889 | $74 | 1.5% | 27 |
| Pennsylvania | $1,176 | $98 | 1.0% | 46 |
| Rhode Island | $1,389 | $116 | 2.8% | 48 |
| South Carolina | $672 | $56 | 8.8% | 7 |
| South Dakota | $931 | $78 | 0.8% | 31 |
| Tennessee | $861 | $72 | 1.0% | 24 |
| Texas | $581 | $48 | 6.7% | 3 |
| Utah | $654 | $54 | 0.3% | 4 |
| Vermont | $1,391 | $116 | 1.1% | 49 |
| Virginia | $737 | $61 | 3.0% | 16 |
| Washington | $901 | $75 | 1.1% | 29 |
| West Virginia | $1,104 | $92 | 1.7% | 44 |
| Wisconsin | $973 | $81 | 0.4% | 34 |
| Wyoming | $888 | $74 | 0.6% | 26 |
Flood insurance cost: most expensive states
Connecticut, Vermont and Rhode Island have the priciest flood insurance policies through the NFIP. However, many people overpay for flood insurance through the NFIP. That is one of the reasons for the emerging private flood insurance industry, which sometimes offers more reasonable rates for low-risk areas.
Flood insurance cost: cheapest states
Florida has the cheapest flood insurance rates in the U.S. at $550, despite being a coastal and high-risk area. Florida is closely followed by Maryland and Texas (two other states that have coastal areas). The cheapest states illustrate the purpose of the NFIP: to make flood insurance accessible to people in states that need it the most.
Cost of flood insurance in SFHAs
If you live in a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) and have a federally backed mortgage, you will be required to have flood insurance. SFHA zones begin with the letter A or V, such as zone AE. Find out what flood zone you are in using FEMA's tool.
We've estimated annual costs for flood insurance in SFHAs below, using FEMA's rate tables. The minimum coverage through the NFIP is $60,000 of building and $25,000 of property coverage. The maximum amount of coverage is $250,000 of building and $100,000 of property coverage.
| Building type | Cost for minimum coverage | Cost for maximum coverage |
|---|---|---|
| Non-elevated with subgrade crawlspace | $1,025 | $4,144 |
| No basement or enclosure* | $1,025 | $4,362 |
| Elevated on crawlspace | $1,025 | $4,362 |
| Mobile home | $1,025 | $4,362 |
| With basement | $1,073 | $5,104 |
| With enclosure | $1,073 | $5,892 |
| *As defined by FEMA, an enclosure is a "walled in [area] below the lowest floor of an elevated building." | ||
| Building type | Cost for minimum coverage | Cost for maximum coverage |
|---|---|---|
| Non-elevated with subgrade crawlspace | $1,329 | $9,002 |
| No basement/enclosure* | $1,329 | $9,504 |
| Elevated on crawlspace | $1,329 | $9,504 |
| With basement | $1,389 | $11,399 |
| With enclosure | $1,389 | $13,197 |
| *As defined by FEMA, an enclosure is a "walled in [area] below the lowest floor of an elevated building." | ||
Your rates may vary, as all homes are different. However, these premiums show how expensive flood insurance can be in high-risk areas. Here's how we calculated these rates using FEMA's rate tables.
What does flood insurance cover and do I need it?
NFIP flood insurance policies protect your house and belongings if they are damaged by a flood, up to your policy limits. NFIP policies cap at $250,000 of building coverage and $100,000 of contents coverage. Flooding covered by the NFIP includes overflow of tidal water in coastal areas, rivers and mudflow.
If you live in a Special Hazard Area, such as zones AE, X or VE, and have a federally backed mortgage, you are required by the NFIP to have flood insurance. These areas are also known as 100-year floodplains, which means that the area has a 1% or greater chance of flooding every year. If you think that your zone is mapped incorrectly, you can file a letter of amendment requesting FEMA to review your zone.
If you're required to have flood insurance, you'll need enough to cover the principal balance on your mortgage. For example, if you have $175,000 left on your mortgage, you'll need a flood insurance policy that covers $175,000.
The U.S. government backs NFIP policies through the treasury, and rates are set by the program. However, private companies usually administer the policies. That means even though your flood insurance is backed by the U.S. government and not private funds, you'll be interacting with a non-government insurance agent.
FEMA estimates may undersell flood risk for millions of properties
New research suggests the nation’s flood risk is much higher than previously thought. We found an additional 5,866,497 properties that are at risk of flooding - that’s a 67% increase over previous estimates.
The sharp jump in “at-risk” estimates is because the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has been using outdated maps that are sometimes more than 15 years old. According to FEMA’s maps, there are 8,735,871 properties that have a 1% chance of annual flooding. New estimates, however, put the number of “at-risk” properties at 14,602,368.
The massive increase in the number of flood-prone properties is even more pronounced when looked at state-by-state. Our team of analysts found 23 states with a 100% or more increase in the number of at-risk properties
Overall, these new estimates could lead to significant changes in the price of flood insurance. Newly added properties would be required to purchase flood insurance or increase their coverage limits and current flood premiums could rise dramatically because of the updated risk.
| Rank | State | FEMA properties at risk | Updated properties at risk | Additional properties at risk | Percent difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Utah | 21,775 | 113,061 | 91,286 | 419% |
| 2 | Wyoming | 8,287 | 35,235 | 26,948 | 325% |
| 3 | Montana | 29,841 | 122,579 | 92,738 | 311% |
| 4 | Idaho | 38,047 | 148,427 | 110,380 | 290% |
| 5 | Tennessee | 101,363 | 383,176 | 281,813 | 278% |
| 6 | Vermont | 13,000 | 39,720 | 26,720 | 206% |
| 7 | Colorado | 43,332 | 131,245 | 87,913 | 203% |
| 8 | Washington | 121,528 | 362,612 | 241,084 | 198% |
| 9 | Pennsylvania | 194,395 | 564,589 | 370,194 | 190% |
| 10 | Minnesota | 76,831 | 215,595 | 138,764 | 181% |
| 11 | Oregon | 97,918 | 268,020 | 170,102 | 174% |
| 12 | New York | 238,991 | 615,503 | 376,512 | 158% |
| 13 | Michigan | 124,089 | 315,568 | 191,479 | 154% |
| 14 | South Dakota | 24,944 | 62,585 | 37,641 | 151% |
| 15 | West Virginia | 134,228 | 326,639 | 192,411 | 143% |
| 16 | Kentucky | 96,807 | 227,003 | 130,196 | 134% |
| 17 | Maryland | 58,653 | 133,682 | 75,029 | 128% |
| 18 | Ohio | 219,885 | 493,012 | 273,127 | 124% |
| 19 | New Hampshire | 29,006 | 64,907 | 35,901 | 124% |
| 20 | Georgia | 157,125 | 347,744 | 190,619 | 121% |
| 21 | California | 495,409 | 1,090,903 | 595,494 | 120% |
| 22 | Illinois | 205,709 | 451,693 | 245,984 | 120% |
| 23 | Virginia | 162,511 | 344,445 | 181,934 | 112% |
| 24 | North Carolina | 276,897 | 538,921 | 262,024 | 95% |
| 25 | Iowa | 152,723 | 294,023 | 141,300 | 93% |
| 26 | Wisconsin | 144,008 | 273,377 | 129,369 | 90% |
| 27 | Maine | 29,452 | 55,652 | 26,200 | 89% |
| 28 | North Dakota | 30,277 | 56,396 | 26,119 | 86% |
| 29 | Alabama | 187,900 | 334,919 | 147,019 | 78% |
| 30 | Missouri | 157,928 | 280,239 | 122,311 | 77% |
| 31 | Connecticut | 60,373 | 106,659 | 46,286 | 77% |
| 32 | Kansas | 79,455 | 133,441 | 53,986 | 68% |
| 33 | Indiana | 168,977 | 282,546 | 113,569 | 67% |
| 34 | Massachusetts | 117,104 | 193,261 | 76,157 | 65% |
| 35 | Oklahoma | 107,395 | 168,869 | 61,474 | 57% |
| 36 | South Carolina | 196,922 | 271,494 | 74,572 | 38% |
| 37 | Nebraska | 74,366 | 102,440 | 28,074 | 38% |
| 38 | Delaware | 28,922 | 39,663 | 10,741 | 37% |
| 39 | Texas | 860,021 | 1,150,908 | 290,887 | 34% |
| 40 | New Mexico | 98,221 | 128,766 | 30,545 | 31% |
| 41 | Arkansas | 152,904 | 191,610 | 38,706 | 25% |
| 42 | Rhode Island | 23,920 | 26,478 | 2,558 | 11% |
| 43 | Nevada | 41,301 | 44,597 | 3,296 | 8% |
| 44 | Florida | 1,719,376 | 1,833,341 | 113,965 | 7% |
| 45 | Mississippi | 249,723 | 255,655 | 5,932 | 2% |
| 46 | New Jersey | 393,550 | 385,438 | -8,112 | -2% |
| 47 | Arizona | 129,491 | 118,667 | -10,824 | -8% |
| 48 | Louisiana | 560,991 | 477,065 | -83,926 | -15% |
| -- | USA | 8,735,871 | 14,602,368 | 5,866,497 | 67% |
| Methodology: To find the disparity in flood risk, we analyzed flood map data from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and compared it to new research by the First Street Foundation. First Street's new calculation takes the rise in sea levels, creek floods and additional rainfall into account. | |||||
States with the most flood insurance policies
Florida came in at the top with over 1.7 million policies as of December 2018; 19% of Florida households have an NFIP policy. These are the states that have the most policies through the NFIP.
| State | Active NFIP policies | % of households with NFIP flood insurance |
|---|---|---|
| Florida | 1,770,452 | 19% |
| Texas | 748,865 | 7% |
| Louisiana | 500,352 | 24% |
| New Jersey | 224,541 | 6% |
| South Carolina | 205,101 | 9% |
| North Carolina | 134,987 | 3% |
| Virginia | 105,933 | 3% |
| Mississippi | 63,024 | 5% |
| Hawaii | 60,625 | 11% |
| Delaware | 26,786 | 6% |
Total flood insurance losses paid by the NFIP 1996-2016 by state
Between 1996 and 2016, the NFIP paid out over $42 billion in claims. That's a lot of coverage relative to how affordable flood insurance can be in high-risk areas. Here's how much money NFIP flood insurance policies have paid out by state.
| State | Total losses paid by NFIP 1996-2016 |
|---|---|
| Alabama | $733,761,015 |
| Alaska | $4,896,618 |
| Arizona | $21,272,254 |
| Arkansas | $79,419,934 |
| California | $219,083,862 |
| Colorado | $61,088,300 |
| Connecticut | $350,554,705 |
| Delaware | $37,463,415 |
| District of Columbia | $492,000 |
| Florida | $2,683,983,510 |
| Georgia | $229,962,369 |
| Hawaii | $23,597,235 |
| Idaho | $4,001,380 |
| Illinois | $279,107,751 |
| Indiana | $180,550,235 |
| Iowa | $151,296,055 |
| Kansas | $41,764,161 |
| Kentucky | $198,455,860 |
| Louisiana | $16,087,259,070 |
| Maine | $12,495,171 |
| Maryland | $192,751,047 |
| Massachusetts | $117,938,093 |
| Michigan | $33,886,206 |
| Minnesota | $93,680,881 |
| Mississippi | $2,499,691,844 |
| Missouri | $212,661,553 |
| Montana | $7,622,439 |
| Nebraska | $18,012,911 |
| Nevada | $12,947,090 |
| New Hampshire | $28,624,163 |
| New Jersey | $4,604,858,461 |
| New Mexico | $11,530,972 |
| New York | $4,443,074,844 |
| North Carolina | $803,491,400 |
| North Dakota | $218,270,491 |
| Ohio | $161,941,607 |
| Oklahoma | $94,442,705 |
| Oregon | $66,024,341 |
| Pennsylvania | $700,458,384 |
| Puerto Rico | $53,078,770 |
| Rhode Island | $50,188,298 |
| South Carolina | $232,937,942 |
| South Dakota | $29,650,089 |
| Tennessee | $220,914,607 |
| Texas | $5,094,691,953 |
| Utah | $1,316,784 |
| Vermont | $35,314,161 |
| Virginia | $515,746,635 |
| Washington | $163,202,438 |
| West Virginia | $171,079,383 |
| Wisconsin | $51,901,874 |
| Wyoming | $900,837 |
| Grand Total | $42,343,338,102 |
Worst loss years 1998-2018
The NFIP paid out over $58 billion in flood relief between 1998 and 2018. The graph below shows the cost of claims paid in millions.
As you can see, there are major spikes in 2005, 2012 and 2017 for Hurricane Katrina, Superstorm Sandy and Hurricane Harvey, respectively. Those three loss years alone account for 62% of all paid claims between 1998 and 2018. So, while most years you won't need to make a claim on your flood insurance policy, it can come in handy when a large catastrophe hits.
Flood insurance in the future: The rise of private flood
Recent years have seen enormous growth in the number of private flood insurance policies. Some folks may pay more through the NFIP than they would through a private flood insurance company, which is one of the causes of the growth. Therefore, you shouldn't assume that the NFIP is your only option. As is the case with all insurance products, shopping around and considering every option available to you will ensure you get the right coverage at a reasonable rate.
Private flood insurance companies use more sophisticated mapping techniques than FEMA to determine flood risk. Therefore, there are some places that FEMA designates as higher risk than they are. This is one of the reasons you may be able to save with a private flood insurance policy.
The U.S. government is encouraging the growth of the private flood insurance market because the NFIP is over $20.5 billion in debt as of January 2018. This is because the amount of premiums collected through the program do not cover the costs needed to pay out for disasters. The purpose of the NFIP at its founding in 1968 was to provide flood insurance to people who couldn't get protection through a private company. Now, the U.S. government is becoming less willing to foot the bill and is looking more and more to private flood insurance companies.
Frequently asked questions
Q: How much does flood insurance cost?
A: The average cost of flood insurance is $699 a year, according to our study. However, rates vary depending on a number of factors.
Q: Is flood insurance required?
A: Flood insurance is required by the government if you live in a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA). Your mortgage lender can also require flood insurance as a condition of your loan.
Q: Does homeowners insurance cover flood?
A: No, homeowners insurance does not usually protect you from floods. Flood insurance is a separate, stand-alone policy.
Q: Should I get flood insurance?
A: We recommend every homeowner purchase flood insurance, even if it isn't required. Floods can cause severe damage to your home and belongings.
Methodology:
We sourced our data exclusively through government agencies. The rate and loss data came from FEMA, and the demographic data from the U.S. Census Bureau. The minimum and maximum costs of flood insurance in SFHAs were calculated using the NFIP's publicly available rate tables.
References:
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